含能材料加工过程模拟仿真的研究进展

含能材料作为当前军事及航空航天领域极为重要的材料,其工艺过程一直受到研究人员的重视。由于含能材料的热感度、机械敏感度等都比较高,在加工成型中极易因为加工温度过高或工艺不当,产生热点从而发生热自燃、自爆的现象。为此近年来科研人员常以聚合物的模拟仿真方法为基础,对含能材料的工艺过程进行数值模拟。通过查阅当前含能材料相关工艺过程的数值模拟文献,总结了近年来含能材料工艺过程的计算机数值模拟技术的研究进展,并提出应进一步加大研发工艺过程专用的模拟仿真技术,具有重要的应用价值。     

辽宁省2017-2019年肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗上市后疑似预防接种异常反应监测数据分析

目的对辽宁省2017-2019年肠道病毒71型(enterovirus type,EV71)灭活疫苗上市后疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)监测数据进行分析,评价其预防接种安全性。方法收集中国免疫规划信息管理系统中EV71疫苗AEFI监测数据,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2017-2019年,辽宁省共报告EV71疫苗AEFI病例83例,发生时间集中在4-6月(31例,占37.35%,19.71/10万剂次);多数在首剂接种后发生(54例,占65.06%,18.68/10万剂次)。报告发生率为15.13/10万剂次,全省总体疫苗AEFI报告发生率为31.01/10万剂次,两者之间差异有统计学意义(χ²=44.32,P <0.05)。在所有EV71疫苗AEFI分类中,一般反应74例,占89.16%;异常反应3例,占3.61%;偶合症6例,占7.23%;无严重异常反应和群体性AEFI报告。结论辽宁省EV71疫苗AEFI报告发生时间集中在4-6月,首剂接种;报告发生率低于全省总体水平,以一般反应为主,安全性在预期范围之内。     

煤气爆炸极限和安全动火浓度的确定

本文主要通过煤气组分比值的变化,确定其爆炸极限和安全动火浓度值。     

在线化工设备疲劳分析专家系统的研究

运用应力分析、疲劳分析的理论，综合专家学者的知识和经验，针对现代化大型联合企业技术管理的现状，提出了建立在线化工设备及管道安全评定中疲劳分析的专家系统方法，并编制了初级的软件。用简化试验来模拟一条高温高压蒸汽管线的疲劳裂纹扩展，并用之考评本软件。     

Safety-based availability assessment at design stage

The availability of a system or equipment is one of the crucial characteristics that measures the customer satisfaction and strongly influences his final choice decision between concurrent products. The aim of this work is to provide an approach to improve the products availability assessment by taking into account the safety criteria by considering the use situations at design stage. Our work focuses on the routine design of complex products. The availability is often simply estimated considering reliability and maintainability. Basically, the intrinsic availability is the probability that it is operating satisfactorily at any point in time when used under conditions stated by design specifications. The time considered includes operating time and active repair time. Thus, intrinsic availability excludes from consideration all other times in the product lifecycle such as: accident management time, storage time, administrative time or logistic time. But many studies show that the loss of availability performance is also due to accidents that occur in different unforeseeable utilization situations. This engenders stops of the system to ensure the users safety according to standards recommendations. In this purpose, we consider the structural product architecture and the different use cases that correspond to the operational states and downtimes due to stop events that may happen during the utilization like failures, maintenance tasks and accidents. Then, we propose a product behavioral analysis including the use cases to describe interactions between the product and users or maintenance operators. We use Markov chains to model the use cases corresponding to operating time (OT), maintenance time (MT) and preparing time after accidents (RT). Then these three parameters are considered to specify a generic approach to improve the availability assessment. Such an approach provides the traceability of the product behavior along its lifecycle. In this way, the main causes of stop can be identified and this may guide the designer for improving the availability of the product future versions. To validate our approach, an application is presented considering a printing line. The comparison of our simulation considering an industrial case study shows a good agreement about the influence of safety on the availability.     

森林脑炎纯化疫苗和灭活疫苗的接种反应及免疫效果观察

目的　观察森林脑炎纯化疫苗及森林脑炎灭活疫苗的接种反应和免疫效果。方法　两种疫苗分别于接种后 ,观察局部反应和全身反应 ,免疫血清用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)和蚀斑减少试验法检测其中和抗体效价。结果　森林脑炎灭活疫苗局部反应和全身反应的发生率分别为 2 3 0. 8%和 15 . 38% ,人群抗体 2针接种后约 1/3检出阳性 ,3针接种后约 1/ 2检出阳性 ;森林脑炎纯化疫苗无 1例全身反应 ,局部反应为注射部位一过性轻度疼痛 ,发生率为 1 .13% ,2针接种后 85 %人检出阳性 ,免疫剂量 1 0ml组优于 0. 5ml组 ,差异有显著意义。结论　森林脑炎灭活疫苗副反应发生率高 ,免疫效果差 ,森林脑炎纯化疫苗副反应轻微 ,免疫后中和抗体阳转率高。     

A multi-echelon production–inventory system with supply disruption

The article investigates an integrated multi-layer supply chain model consisting of supplier, manufacturer and retailer while supply disruption, machine breakdown, safety stock, maintenance breakdown occur simultaneously. At beginning of the production, manufacturer keeps some raw materials in stock received from second supplier at high price, as safety stock due to supply disruption of first supplier. Corrective maintenance is done immediately to restore its normal stage when machine breakdown occurs. Stock out situations at manufacturer and retailer are considered due to disruption of production for machine breakdown. The integrated expected costs of the chain in centralized (collaborating) and decentralized (Stakelberg approach) system are compared. A numerical example and its sensitivity analysis are provided to test feasibility of the model.     

Fault identification for process monitoring using kernel principal component analysis

In this research, we develop a new fault identification method for kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA). Although it has been proved that kernel PCA is superior to linear PCA for fault detection, the fault identification method theoretically derived from the kernel PCA has not been found anywhere. Using the gradient of kernel function, we define two new statistics which represent the contribution of each variable to the monitoring statistics, Hotelling's T²and squared prediction error (SPE) of kernel PCA, respectively. The proposed statistics which have similar concept to contributions in linear PCA are directly derived from the mathematical formulation of kernel PCA and thus they are straightforward to understand. The main contribution of this work is that we firstly suggest a fault identification method especially applicable to process monitoring using kernel PCA. To demonstrate the performance, the proposed method is applied to two simulated processes, one is a simple nonlinear process and the other is a non-isothermal CSTR process. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively identifies the source of various types of faults.     

基于指纹认证的行车安全系统设计

汽车应用的普及带来汽车安全的隐患,基于指纹认证的行车安全系统可实现对驾驶员信息认证、汽车行驶过程、行驶状况、道路状况和交通信息的实时监控,有效预防汽车行驶的安全问题。详细阐述行车安全系统的功能、系统模块设计、硬件系统设计和软件系统设计,分析汽车终端模块的硬件结构和软件功能实现方法,给出基于VC＋＋的汽车终端功能实现的数据类。通过测试,系统能实时、准确地获取汽车行驶的动态数据,有效实现汽车安全管理。     

Exploring approaches to improve the performance of autonomous monitoring with imperfect data in location-aware wireless sensor networks

In recent years, information and sensing technologies have been applied to the construction industry to collect and provide rich information to facilitate decision making processes. One of the applications is using location data to support autonomous crane safety monitoring (e.g., collision avoidance and dangerous areas control). Several location-aware wireless technologies such as GPS (Global Positioning System), RFID (Radio-frequency identification), and Ultra-Wide Band sensors, have been proposed to provide location information for autonomous safety monitoring. However, previous studies indicated that imperfections (errors, uncertainty, and inconsistency) exist in the data collected from those sensors and the data imperfections have great impacts on autonomous safety monitoring system performance. This paper explores five computationally light-weight approaches to deal with the data imperfections, aiming to improve the system performance. The authors built a scaled autonomous crane safety monitoring testbed with a mounted localization system to collect location data and developed five representative test cases based on a live construction jobsite. Seven hundred and sixty location readings were collected at thirty-eight test points from the sensors. Those location data was fed into the reasoning mechanisms with five approaches to generate the safety decisions at those thirty-eight test points and evaluate system performance in terms of precision, recall and accuracy. The results indicate that system performance can be improved if at least ten position readings from sensors can be collected at small intervals at any location along the moving path. However, by including additional data such as velocity and acceleration that may be read from devices mounted on workers, localization error may be significantly reduced. These findings represent a path forward to improve localization accuracy by mixing imperfect data from the sensed environment with supplemental input.